Plotting mathematical expression using matplotlib in Python
In this article, we are going to learn to plot basic equations in Python. This article also contains a few different examples for better understanding, and then I will provide the code to develop plots.
Aim:
- Learn to Create an array of the vector.
- Manipulating vector to match equations.
- Creating plots with axis labels, title, and grid/place.
We will use two basic modules:
1.Matplotlib.pyplot(for plotting graphs)
2.Numpy(for creating sample array)
What is Matplotlib.pyplot?
Matplotlib is one of the most popular libraries in Python when it comes to data visualization.
pip install matplotlib
Plot Y = X² using matplotlib in Python
But first, let’s start our work with one of the basic equation Y = X². Let plot 100 points on the X-axis. In this scenario, every value of Y is a square of the X value at the same index.
# Importing the libraries import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np # Creating vectors X and Y x = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100) y = x**2 fig = plt.figure(figsize = (10, 5)) # Create the plot plt.plot(x, y) # Show the plot plt.show()
NOTE: The number of points that we use is being used entirely arbitrarily, but the goal here is to show a smooth graph for a smooth curve and so we have to choose a sufficient number based on the function. But be careful to generate too many points because a large number of points will require a long time to plot.
Plot parabola using matplotlib in Python
A plot is created using some modifications below:
# Import libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# Createing vectors X and Y
x = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)
y = x ** 2
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (12, 7))
# Create the plot
plt.plot(x, y, alpha = 0.4, label ='Y = X²',
color ='red', linestyle ='dashed',
linewidth = 2, marker ='D',
markersize = 5, markerfacecolor ='blue',
markeredgecolor ='blue')
# Add a title
plt.title('Equation plot')
# Add X and y Label
plt.xlabel('x axis')
plt.ylabel('y axis')
# Add Text watermark
fig.text(0.9, 0.15, 'Code Speedy',
fontsize = 12, color ='green',
ha ='right', va ='bottom',
alpha = 0.7)
# Add a grid
plt.grid(alpha =.6, linestyle ='--')
# Add a Legend
plt.legend()
# Show the plot
plt.show()
Output-
y= cos(x) plotting using matplotlib in Python
Plotting a graph of the function y = Cos (x) with its polynomial 2 and 4 degrees.
Output
Let’s take another example-
What about creating an array of 10000 random entries, sampling involving the normal distribution, and creating a histogram with a normal distribution of the equation:
y=1 ∕ √2πe-x^2/2
# Import libraries import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np fig = plt.figure(figsize = (14, 8)) # Creating histogram samples = np.random.randn(10000) plt.hist(samples, bins = 30, density = True, alpha = 0.5, color =(0.9, 0.1, 0.1)) # Add a title plt.title('Random Samples - Normal Distribution') # Add X and y Label plt.ylabel('X-axis') plt.ylabel('Frequency') # Creating vectors X and Y x = np.linspace(-4, 4, 100) y = 1/(2 * np.pi)**0.5 * np.exp(-x**2 / 2) # Creating plot plt.plot(x, y, 'b', alpha = 0.8) # Show plot plt.show()
Output
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