Singleton Design Pattern in Python

Singleton design pattern is a pattern which we use to restrict a class to initialize its various objects.

In short, it can be said as a method to define a class, defined in a way that it allows only one object to be created and executed in the complete program execution.

Classes defined with singleton design pattern cannot have multiple objects. It is the simplest design pattern, most simple to design but most debatable in the complexity of its use perspective.

If we need to achieve this without any worry than we (coder) need to keep the control of instance allocation and the user should not be allowed to control it. An easy way to do that is by making class private with a single instance. In this way, it provides only one instance of a particular kind.

Image :

 

This diagram shows the overall working

Code in Python for Singleton Design Pattern

There are two commonly used methods to implement the Singleton design pattern in Python.

1. Monostate Singleton Design Pattern
2. Classic Singleton Design Pattern

We will discuss one by one.

1. MONOSTATE Singleton Design Pattern

It is also known as Brog’s pattern. In this, we create multiple instances but they all share the same condition(state). Our main focus is on the sharing of the state rather than the objects.

Below is the Python code for this:

class Single_Borg: 
  
    # state shared by each instance 
    __shared_state = dict() 
  
    # constructor method 
    def __init__(self): 
  
        self.__dict__ = self.__shared_state 
        self.condition= 'CodeSpeedy'
  
    def __str__(self):   
        return self.condition
  
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__": 
    #creating objects
  
    computer1 = Single_Borg()   
    computer2 = Single_Borg()    
    computer3 = Single_Borg()    
  
    computer1.condition = 'Python Programs' 
     # computer1 changed the state 
    computer2.condition = 'Solution'   
     # computer2 changed the state 
  
    print(computer1)    
    print(computer2)    
  
    computer3.condition = 'codes'  
     # computer3 changed the shared state 
  
    print(computer1)    
    print(computer2)    
    print(computer3)

Output

Solution
Solution
codes
codes
codes
[Program finished]


2. The CLASSIC implementation of the Singleton Design Pattern

In this, we create getinstance method by the help of a static method in the class. Here the constructor is kept private as if there comes a need to raise an exception. The getinstance method returns the shared item

 

class Singletonclass:
   __case = None
   
   @staticmethod 
   def getoccurence():
        #Static access method
      if Singletonclass.__case == None:
         Singletonclass()
      return Singletonclass.__case
   def __init__(self):
        #Virtual Private constructor
      if Singletonclass.__case != None:
         raise Exception("Example of class singleton!")
      else:
         Singletonclass.__case = self
         
x = Singletonclass()
print (x)

x = Singletonclass.getoccurence()
print (x)

x = Singletonclass.getoccurence()
print (x)

Output

<__main__.Singletonclass object at 0x7d7a290b00>
<__main__.Singletonclass object at 0x7d7a290b00>
<__main__.Singletonclass object at 0x7d7a290b00>
[Program finished]

I hope I was able to make you understand the code. Try to implement it and if you have any doubt or error leave a comment. Your feedback will be appreciated