Python Modules
In this article, we are about to learn all about Python Modules.
Python Modules is nothing but a file which contains all the Python statements and definitions as well. Every python file(.py) acts as a module.
If you want to learn how to create your own module follow this one – How to create your own package in python
Python Modules
Modules can be considered as “namespaces” which have a collection of objects which you can use when needed.
Every program you execute directly is treated as a module with a special name __main__.
So, all the variables you define, the functions you create are said to live in the namespace of __main__.
When you say the following, you are making the namespace of
math available to you.
import math math.object import math type(math)
First method-
import math print("Radians=",math.radians(45)) # no math.radians required print("Sin value=",math.sin(30)) print("Cos value=",math.cos(30)) print("Tan value=",math.tan(45))
Output-
Radians= 0.7853981633974483 Sin value= -0.9880316240928618 Cos value= 0.15425144988758405 Tan value= 1.6197751905438615
Second Method-
using from …..import
We can import particular members of module by using from…import.
The main advantage of this we can access members directly without using module.
from math import * print("Radians=",radians(45)) # no math.radians required print("Sin value=",sin(30)) print("Cos value=",cos(30)) print("Tan value=",tan(45))
Output-
Radians= 0.7853981633974483 Sin value= -0.9880316240928618 Cos value= 0.15425144988758405 Tan value= 1.6197751905438615
Various possibilities of import-
- import modulename
- from module import member
- import module1,module2,module3
- from module import member1,member2,member3
- import module1 as m
- from module import member1 as x
- import module1 as m1,module2 as m2,module3
- from module import *
Above all are various possibilities to import.
Multiple methods-
from math import sin,cos,tan #print("Radians=",radians(45)) print("Sin value=",sin(60)) print("Cos value=",cos(90)) print("Tan value=",tan(45))
Output-
Sin value= -0.3048106211022167 Cos value= -0.4480736161291701 Tan value= 1.6197751905438615
Built-in Modules-
- sys – contains tools for system arguments, OS information etc.
- os – for handling files, directories, executing external programs
- re – for parsing regular expressions
- datetime – for date and time conversions etc.
- pickle – for object serialization
- csv – for reading CSV table
Working with Random Module-
This module defines several functions to generate random numbers.
We can use these functions while developing games,in cryptography and to generate random numbers on fly for authentication.
1.random()
2.randint()
3.uniform()
4.randrange(start,stop,step)
5.choice()
random()-
This function always generate some float values between 0 and 1.
from random import * for i in range(5): print(random())
Output-
0.01719359039286339 0.5699492665633483 0.6863463358397502 0.0032779620866966175 0.15328229146691108
randint()-
To generate random integer between 2 given numbers
from random import * for i in range(5): print(randint(1,100))
Output-
37
3
73
37
50
uniform()-
It returns random float values between 2 given numbers.
from random import * for i in range(5): print(uniform(1,10))
Output-
6.8708617228883355 7.8060221098034654 6.502421149821796 4.2188066146610606 2.9836607222793443
randrange(start,stop,step)-
Returns a random number from range.
from random import * for i in range(5): print(randrange(10,50,2))
Output-
24 20 36 26 36
choice()-
It won’t return random number. It will return a random object from the given list or tuple.
from random import * list=["sun","moon","fire","pearl","black"] for i in range(10): print(choice(list))
Output-
black black sun sun sun fire black fire pearl pearl
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