Math module of Python

In this tutorial, you are going to learn about the math module of python. Math module is a built-in module of python. This module helps us to do mathematical computation by importing this module.

Different functions of the math module in Python

1. ceil(n)
   The ceiling of x returns the next integer which is not less than x.
   If the value of x is an integer value then it returns the x else if x has the float value then it return the next integer.

   import math
   
   # taking integer value
   print("The ceil value of 4 is:", math.ceil(4))
   # taking float value
   print("The ceil value of 4.1 is:", math.ceil(4.1))
   
   

   Output:-

   The ceil value of 4 is: 4
   The ceil value of 4.1 is: 5

2. factorial(n)
   It returns the factorial of the integer number and gives the error message if the number is not an integer.

   import math
   
   # Factorial of a integer number
   print("The factorial of 3 is:", math.factorial(3))
   
   # gives error because of the negative number
   print("The factorial of negative is:", math.factorial(-3))

   Output:-
   

   The factorial of 3 is: 6
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\rev.py", line 3, in <module>
   print(" The factorial of negative is:", math.factorial(-3))
   ValueError: factorial() not defined for negative values

   Also see: Catalan Number in Python – Iterative Approach (Factorial)

3. floor(n)
   It returns the integer value of the given number.

   import math
   
   # floor value of float number
   print("The floor value of 5.87678 is:", math.floor(5.87678))
   
   # floor value of int number
   print("The floor value of 4 is:", math.floor(4))
   

   Output:-

   The floor value of 5.87678 is: 5
   The floor value of 4 is: 4

4. fabs(n)
   It converts the integer number into the float number and if the given number has the floating value, then it returns it as it is.
   Ex: fabs(3) returns 3.0

   import math
   
   # Fabs value of int number
   print("The fabs value of 4 is:", math.fabs(4))
   
   # fabs value of float number
   print("The fabs value of 4.657 is:", math.fabs(4.657))
   

   Output:-

   The fabs value of 4 is: 4.0
   The fabs value of 4.657 is: 4.657

5. exp(n)
   It returns the natural logarithm e raised to the given number.

   import math
   
   # use of exp()
   print(" The exponential of 1 is:", math.exp(1))
   

   Output:-

   The exponential of 1 is: 2.718281828459045

6. sqrt(n)
   It returns the square root of the given number for x>0.

   import math
   
   # Square root of int number
   print(" The sqaure root of 4 is:", math.sqrt(4))
   
   # Square root of float value
   print(" The sqaure root of 4.4 is:", math.sqrt(4.4))
   

   Output:-

   The sqaure root of 4 is: 2.0
   The sqaure root of 4.4 is: 2.0976176963403033

7. log(n, baseto)
   It returns the logarithm of the number to the given base. If the base is not specified, then return the logarithm with base e.

   import math
   
   # use of log()
   print(" The log value of 100 with base 10 is:", math.log(100,10))
   print(" The log value of 2 with base e is:", math.log(2))
   

   Output:-

   The log value of 100 with base 10 is: 2.0
   The log value of 2 with base e is: 0.6931471805599453

8. copysign(x,y)
   

   Return a float with the magnitude (absolute value) of x but the sign of y.

   Ex: copysign(1.0, -0.0)  returns -1.0 because it copies the value of x and allots the sign of y.

   import math
   
   # use of copysign()
   print(" Copysign of 4 is:", math.copysign(4,-5))
   

   Output:-

    Copysign of 4 is: -4.0

9. modf(n)
   It returns the fractional and integral part of the given number.
   Ex: modf(3.456) returns (0.456, 3.0)

   import math
   
   # modf() of positive number
   print(" The modf of 6.7585 is:", math.modf(6.7585))
   
   # modf() of negative number
   print(" The modf of -6.7585 is:", math.modf(-6.7585))
   

   Output:-

   The modf of 6.7585 is: (0.7584999999999997, 6.0)
   The modf of -6.7585 is: (-0.7584999999999997, -6.0)

10. remainder(x,y)
    It returns x-n*y where n*y is the closest integer multiple of y.
    Ex: remainder(17, 5) returns 2 because 17-3*5 (i.e., 15 is the closest multiple of 5 to 17)
    remainder(11,3) returns -1 because 11-4*3 (i.e., 12 is the closest multiple of 3 to 11)

    import math
    
    # use of remainder()
    print(" The remainder value of 17 is:", math.remainder(17,5))
    print(" The remainder value of 11 is:", math.remainder(11,3))
    

    Output:-

    The remainder value of 17 is: 2.0
    The remainder value of 11 is: -1.0

 

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